The fame of Dingyao white porcelain began in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the firing of Dingyao white porcelain began in the Tang Dynasty. The site of Dingyao Kiln is located in Quyangjian Magnetic Village, Hebei. The Dingyao white porcelain of the Tang Dynasty has similar characteristics to the Xingyao white porcelain, and the shapes include bowls, plates, trays, filling pots, basins, three-legged stoves and toys. Compared with the works of the Five Dynasties period, the edges of the vessels have thick lips, full shoulders, flat bottoms, and round cake-like solid bottoms, and some have jade bottoms. Most of the white porcelain of Tang dynasty Dingyao is similar to the white porcelain of Xingyao at that time, the fetal bone section is thinner, the fetal color is white, and there is another type of fetal bone is thicker, the section is relatively thick, but the sintering is better.
In the Neolithic period, the white pottery in the Dawenkou culture, the Shang Dynasty's Erligang and Yin ruins has shown the pursuit of white ware by craftsmen at that time.
When the production of high-temperature celadon continued in the Yangtze River basin (especially Yuedi, Zhejiang) in the 3rd century, the north, which has a white native source, also tried to fire porcelain with a glazed surface.
In the late 6th century, Northern Qi (550-577) produced white-glazed ware, but from the perspective of glaze pharmacy, those white-glazed utensils can only be called low-temperature glazed pottery, or low-temperature lead glaze ware of high-temperature semi-porcelain clay, not one-time high-temperature fired white porcelain; However, the deliberate efforts of the potters of the Northern Dynasty to pursue the appearance of white ceramics are already quite obvious.
Sui (581-618) and Tang (618-907) were the period of comprehensive development of the northern porcelain industry, and the Xing kiln, famous for the production of fine white porcelain, was the representative of the northern kiln industry, standing side by side with the southern Yue kiln, forming a porcelain pattern of southern Qingbei Bai. Many kilns throughout the northern part of the Tang Dynasty were influenced by Xing kilns, so they were very similar in shape, glaze, decoration and firing process, and the Ding kiln was no exception. In the late Tang Dynasty, there were two kinds of northern white porcelain: white-tire-glazed porcelain and make-up white porcelain with make-up clay, and the kiln was the representative of white-tire-glazed porcelain. During the late Tang dynasty, Dingzhou maintained a relatively stable political situation, and Lingshan soil is superior porcelain kaolin, and nearby is also rich in feldspar, quartz, dolomite and other glaze raw materials, the most important production area in the north of Jianci Village Jianciling ancient coal well, therefore, with superior porcelain natural geographical conditions of Dingyao can develop rapidly, and archaeological excavations unearthed many late Tang dynasty exquisite tomb porcelain specimens, can show the maturity of Dingyao technology and the improvement of production capacity, so that Dingyao white porcelain gradually surpassed the status of Xingyao.
In the second half of the 10th century in the early Northern Song Dynasty, the surface of the white porcelain of the Dingyao had decorative stripes, but most of them were linear patterns finely carved with straight knives; The outer wall is often carved with multiple layers of lotus petals, which are used in bas-relief to show that each lotus petal is used as a mid-ridge rib; Picked, unglazed at the end, the mouth edge is full of glaze, but it is also common to scrape off a circle of glaze on the mouth before kiln firing, or to remove a thin edge around the mouth after firing. The white porcelain of this period was made to imitate the Yaozhou kiln and the Yue kiln.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, from the 20s to the 50s of the 11th century, the technology of Dingyao porcelain production underwent a major turn. The original straight knife finely carved linear strokes are transformed into oblique knife long line strokes; Embossed raised lotus petals are reduced. The printed pattern of the inner mold appears, and this period is completed; The overfiring technique was not fully developed until the 50s of the 11th century. The kiln style was completed in this period.
From the late 11th century to the early 12th century, the most prosperous era of the Northern Song Dynasty, Shi tombs such as the Han Qi family tombs and the Lü Dalin family tombs have unearthed many high-quality Ding kiln works and fragments, mainly clean and moist bean porcelain, large mouth, small foot, mangkou and other characteristics, indicating that the overfiring technique is widespread.
From the 20s to the 50s of the 12th century, at this time, the kiln belonged to the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234), and the kiln industry prospered, and the quality and quantity reached its peak. The number of white porcelain unearthed in the northern part of the Jin Dynasty is very abundant. The "Golden History" contains: "Zhending Fu produces porcelain. ”
In the Neolithic period, the white pottery in the Dawenkou culture, the Shang Dynasty's Erligang and Yin ruins has shown the pursuit of white ware by craftsmen at that time.
When the production of high-temperature celadon continued in the Yangtze River basin (especially Yuedi, Zhejiang) in the 3rd century, the north, which has a white native source, also tried to fire porcelain with a glazed surface.
In the late 6th century, Northern Qi (550-577) produced white-glazed ware, but from the perspective of glaze pharmacy, those white-glazed utensils can only be called low-temperature glazed pottery, or low-temperature lead glaze ware of high-temperature semi-porcelain clay, not one-time high-temperature fired white porcelain; However, the deliberate efforts of the potters of the Northern Dynasty to pursue the appearance of white ceramics are already quite obvious.
Sui (581-618) and Tang (618-907) were the period of comprehensive development of the northern porcelain industry, and the Xing kiln, famous for the production of fine white porcelain, was the representative of the northern kiln industry, standing side by side with the southern Yue kiln, forming a porcelain pattern of southern Qingbei Bai. Many kilns throughout the northern part of the Tang Dynasty were influenced by Xing kilns, so they were very similar in shape, glaze, decoration and firing process, and the Ding kiln was no exception. In the late Tang Dynasty, there were two kinds of northern white porcelain: white-tire-glazed porcelain and make-up white porcelain with make-up clay, and the kiln was the representative of white-tire-glazed porcelain. During the late Tang dynasty, Dingzhou maintained a relatively stable political situation, and Lingshan soil is superior porcelain kaolin, and nearby is also rich in feldspar, quartz, dolomite and other glaze raw materials, the most important production area in the north of Jianci Village Jianciling ancient coal well, therefore, with superior porcelain natural geographical conditions of Dingyao can develop rapidly, and archaeological excavations unearthed many late Tang dynasty exquisite tomb porcelain specimens, can show the maturity of Dingyao technology and the improvement of production capacity, so that Dingyao white porcelain gradually surpassed the status of Xingyao.
In the second half of the 10th century in the early Northern Song Dynasty, the surface of the white porcelain of the Dingyao had decorative stripes, but most of them were linear patterns finely carved with straight knives; The outer wall is often carved with multiple layers of lotus petals, which are used in bas-relief to show that each lotus petal is used as a mid-ridge rib; Picked, unglazed at the end, the mouth edge is full of glaze, but it is also common to scrape off a circle of glaze on the mouth before kiln firing, or to remove a thin edge around the mouth after firing. The white porcelain of this period was made to imitate the Yaozhou kiln and the Yue kiln.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, from the 20s to the 50s of the 11th century, the technology of Dingyao porcelain production underwent a major turn. The original straight knife finely carved linear strokes are transformed into oblique knife long line strokes; Embossed raised lotus petals are reduced. The printed pattern of the inner mold appears, and this period is completed; The overfiring technique was not fully developed until the 50s of the 11th century. The kiln style was completed in this period.
From the late 11th century to the early 12th century, the most prosperous era of the Northern Song Dynasty, Shi tombs such as the Han Qi family tombs and the Lü Dalin family tombs have unearthed many high-quality Ding kiln works and fragments, mainly clean and moist bean porcelain, large mouth, small foot, mangkou and other characteristics, indicating that the overfiring technique is widespread.
From the 20s to the 50s of the 12th century, at this time, the kiln belonged to the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234), and the kiln industry prospered, and the quality and quantity reached its peak. The number of white porcelain unearthed in the northern part of the Jin Dynasty is very abundant. The "Golden History" contains: "Zhending Fu produces porcelain. ”
